Page last updated: 03/17/2023

D18S51 Variants

To contribute to this table, click here. 

Allele Designation

Allele Size 

Instrument

Amp Kit*

Contributor

Verification/Conformation Method(s)

Notes

Frequency

7

265

ABI 310

PS

Carmen Tomas

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Puna(Salta,Argentina) samples

2 in 108

7 [2]

266.12

ABI 377

PS

Igor Kornienko, Tatjana Tarasova        124 Armed Forces Central Forensic Identification Laboratory, DoD, Russia

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Russian samples only

1 in 614 to date

7 [3]

265.81

ABI 377

PS

Igor Kornienko, Tatjana Tarasova

Re-amplified

Russian samples only

1 in 614 to date

8

269.67

ABI 377

PS

Igor Kornienko,Tatjana Tarasova

DoD Russia

Re-amplified

Russian samples only

1 in 658

8 [2]

266.38

ABI 3100

PS

Jan Nicklas, VT Forensic Laboratory

Re-amp

 

 

9

 

 

 

Joanne Sgueglia

 

 

 
11.1 300.99 ABI 3100 PS Nicole Hahn    M U F S C Re-amplified x 1 18205 1

11.2

281.01

ABI 310

PS

Cíntia Alves 

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Mozambique sample

1 in 220 chromosomes

11.2 [2]

280.72

ABI 310

PS

Kathryn Troyer

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted offender known

 

11.2 [3]

284.18

ABI 377

PS

Catherine Allor

Re-amplified and Reanalyzed

Paternity samples only

1 in 6660

11.2 [4]

279.77

ABI 3100

ID

Angela Withrow M U F S C

Re-amplified

Alabama Dept of Forensic Sciences Convicted offender

1 in 7484

11.2 [5]

297.45

ABI 310

PP 16

Jackie Johnson

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted Offender

1 in 32660

11.2 [6]

280.59

ABI 3100

PS

Nicole Hahn, Marshall University

Previously seen – no verification

 

2
11.2 [7] 280.67 ABI 310 ID Johnson_E

USACIL

 Re-extracted and Re-amplified Reference Blood  

12.2

287.76

ABI 377

PS

Nicole Swinton

Re-extracted and re-amplified

 

 

12.2 [2]

288.10

ABI 377

PS

BRT Labs

Re-extracted & Re-amplified

 

1

12.2 [3]

303.07

ABI 3100

PP

Ronny Decorte, Laboratory for Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology, Leuven, Belgium

Re-extracted and re-amplified with SGM+

Paternity sample, Jamaican

l in 3155 (mainly Caucasians)

12.2 [4]

284.48

ABI 310

PS,CO

Jackie Johnson

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted Offender

1 in 32660

12.2 [5]

284.64

ABI 3100

PS

Misty Marra

M U F S C

Re-amplified

 

1 in 16579

12.2 [6]

284.56

ABI 3100

PS

Angela Withrow

M U F S C

Previously documented in our lab – not repeated

MV 16935

2
12.2 [7] 284.89 ABI 3100 PS Nicole Hahn    M U F S C Previously seen - no verification 17878 3
12.2 [8] 286.01 & 286.00 ABI 310 ID Connie Milton, San Diego Sheriffs Crime Lab Re-injected and re-amplified   1

12.3

285.67 (310)

289.04 (377)

ABI 310 & ABI 377

PS

William Stubbs  Washington State Forensic Lab Services Bureau0

Re-extracted and re-amplified

 

convicted offender

1 in 18,000

12.3 [2]

286.15

ABI 3100

SGM+

Mark Barash & Ayeleth Reshef, Israel Police, Jerusalem, Israel

Multiple samples, re-amplified and re-analyzed

5 evidence and 2 reference samples

1

12.3 [3]

285.41

ABI 3130XL

ID

Arnaud Gleizes & Laurent Pene, Laboratoire de Police Scientifique de Lyon, FRANCE

Re-amplified and re-analyzed

 

1 in 11500

13.1

291.01

ABI 377

CO, PS

Nicole Swinton

Re-extracted and re-amplified

 

 

13.3

293.18

ABI 377

PS

Catherine Allor

Re-amplified and Re-analyzed

Paternity samples only

1 in 8325

13.3 [2]

305.95

ABI 310

PP 16

Jackie Johnson

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted Offender

1 in 32660

14.2

308.68

ABI 310

PP

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and reamplified

Convicted offender

9 in 4514 to date

15.1

~296

ABI 310

PS

Douglas Saul, DuPage County Sheriff, IL

amplified multiple times

known blood

1

15.2

296.77

ABI 310

PS

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted offender

3 in 2575 to date

15.2 [2]

299.74

ABI 377

PS

Charles Kelly Fairfax Id L

Inheritance,mother/child

 

1

15.2 [3]

297.07

ABI 310

PS

Misty Marra    M U F S C

Re-extraction

Convicted Offender

2 in 4640

15.2 [4]

297.06

ABI 3100

PS

Jan Nicklas, VT Forensic Laboratory

Re-amp

 

 

15.2 [5]

296.82

ABI 3100

PS

Angela Withrow

M U F S C

Previously documented in our lab – not repeated

MV16631

3

15.2 [6]

297.33

ABI 3100

PS

Nicole Hahn

M U F S C

Previously seen – not verified

MV 15935

4

15.2 [7]

297.04

ABI 3100

PS

Nicole Hahn,   M U F S C

Previously seen – no verification

 

5

15.2 [8]

296.93

ABI 3100

PS

Nicole Hahn,   M U F S C

Previously seen – no verification

 

6
15.2 [9] 297.09 ABI 3100

PS

Nicole Hahn,   M U F S C

Previously seen – no verification

18359

7
15.2 [10] 296.81 ABI 3100

PS

Nicole Hahn,   M U F S C

Previously seen – no verification

18873

8

15.3

313.69

ABI 310

PP 16

Jackie Johnson MO State Highway Crime Lab

Re-extract and Re-amplify

Convicted Offender

 

16.1

303.01

ABI 377

PS

Catherine Allor

Re-amplified and Re-analyzed

Paternity samples only

1 in 33300
16.1 [2] 323.79 ABI 3100 PP 16 Laura Kuyper  M U F S C Re-amplification x 1 BC 6939 6

16.2

303.35

ABI 377

PS

Peter McLaren

Re-extracted and re-amplified

 

 

16.2 [2]

316.67

ABI 310

PP 16

Jackie Johnson

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted Offender

1 in 32660

16.2 [2]

301.16

ABI 3100

PS

Nicole Hahn

M U F S C

Re-amplified for confirmation

17502

1

16.3

304.01

ABI 310

PS, CO

Nicole Swinton

Re-extracted and re-amplified

 

 

17.2

308.06

ABI 377

PS

Catherine Allor

Re-amplified and Re-analyzed

Paternity samples only

1 in 16650

17.2 [2]

305.89

ABI 310

PS

William Stubbs Washington State Police

Re-extracted & amplified

Allele shared by two siblings

~2/30,000

17.2 [3]

305.69

ABI 3100 AVANT

PS

Andrea Gemson Tucson PD Crime Lab

Re-amplified and Re-analyzed

Same individual has an OLA at D7

 

17.3

309.05

ABI 377

PS

Catherine Allor

Re-amplified and Reanalyzed

Paternity samples only

1 in 16650

18.1

311.10

ABI 377

PS

Catherine Allor

R-eamplified and Reanalyzed

Paternity samples only

1 in 11100

18.1 [2]

307.9

ABI 3100

ID

Angela Withrow            M U FSC

Re-amplified

Alabama Dept of Forensic Sciences Convicted offender

5 in 7484

18.1 [3]

323.31

ABI 310

PP 16

Jackie Johnson

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted Offender

1 in 32660
18.1 [4] 323.79 ABI 3100 PP 16 Laura Kuyper   M U F S C Re-amplification x 1 (BC 6939)   6

18.2

310.87

ABI 310

PS

Nicole Swinton

Re-extracted and re-amplified

 

 

18.2 [2]

324.29

ABI 310

PP 16

Jackie Johnson

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted Offender

1 in 32660

19.2

315.08

ABI 310

PS

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted offender

1 in 2575 to date

20.1

321.98

ABI 310

PS

Jeff Sailus

 

 

 

20.2

320.03

ABI 310

PS

Chad Hainley

Re-amplified

Convicted offender known

1

20.2 [2]

320.17

ABI 377

PS

Catherine Allor

Re-amplified and Reanalyzed

Paternity samples only

1 in 3028

20.2 [3]

331.87

ABI 310

PP 16

Jackie Johnson

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted Offender

1 in 32660

20.2 [4]

319.02

ABI 310

PS

Jan Nicklas, VT Forensic Laboratory

Re-amp

 

 

20.2 [5]

318.78

ABI 3100

PS

Nicole Hahn    M U F S C

Previously seen – no verification

 

2

20.2 [6]

317.81

ABI 3100

PS

Angela Withrow, Marshall University

Re-amplified x1

 

1
20.2 [7] 318.78 ABI 3100 PS Nicole Hahn    M U F S C Previously seen - not repeated 18536 3

21.1

334.99

ABI 310

PP 16

Jackie Johnson MO State Highway Patrol Crime Lab

Re-extract and Re-amplify

Convicted Offender

 

21.1 [2]

320.57

ABI 3130XL

ID

Arnaud Gleizes & Laurent Pene, Laboratoire de Police Scientifique de Lyon, FRANCE

Re-amplified and re-analyzed

 

1 in 11500

21.2

323.24

ABI 310

PS

Jane Burgett

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Known blood

1

21.2 [2]

323.90

ABI 377

PS

Charles Kelly

Fairfax ID L

Inheritance, child/father

 

1

21.2 [3]

322.49

ABI 310

PS

Chad Hainley

Re-amplified

Convicted offender known

1

21.2 [4]

324.3

ABI 377

PS

Robin McDowell    BRT labs,inc.

Multiple samples extracted

 

1

21.2 [5]

324.35

ABI 310

PS

Misty Marra   

 M U F S C

Re-extraction

Convicted Offender

1 in 4640

21.2 [6]

322.38

ABI 3100

PS

Angela Withrow

M U F S C

Previously documented in our lab – not repeated

MV16662

2
21.2 [7] 335.99 ABI 310 PP A. Robyn Quinn OCME Deleware Re-extracted and reamplified Convicted Offender 1
21.2 [8] 323.05 ABI 3100 PS Nicole Hahn    M U F S C Previously Seen - no verification 18501 3
21.2 [9] 336.26 ABI 3100 PS Laura Kuyper   M U F S C Amplification x 2 BC 7250 4
21.2 [10] 322.49 ABI 3100 PS Nicole Hahn    M U F S C Previously Seen - no verification 18957 5

22.1

326.31

ABI 310

PS

Jeff Sailus

 

 

 

22.2

327.99

ABI 377

PS

Nicole Swinton

Re-extracted and re-amplified

 

 

22.2 [2]

327.64

ABI 310

PS

Erin Reat

 

 

1

22.2 [3]

339.97

ABI 310

PP 16

Jackie Johnson

MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extracted and re-amplified

Convicted Offender

1 in 32660

23.2

332

ABI 310

PS

Robin L. Rothove

Re-amplified

 

1

24.2

348.51

ABI 3100

PP

Cory Formea    Il State Police DNA Indexing Lab

Re-amplified

Convicted Offencer Sample

1 at time of submission

27.0

347.36

ABI 377

PS

Chris Piwonka Texas DPS

Multiple samples extracted

Convicted offender

 

1 in 49000

28.1

351.52

ABI 377

PS

Catherine Allor

Re-amplified and Reanalyzed

Paternity samples only

1 in 33300

28.3

352

ABI 3100

SGM+

Rivka Adelman,IDFS, Isreal Police, Jerusalem, Israel

Multiple samples extracted and re-amplified

3 casework samples and a duplicate of a reference sample

1

28.3 [2]

352.36

ABI 3100

PS

Angela Withrow - MUFSC

Re-amp x 1

 

1

39.2 (40?)

396.37

ABI 310

PS

Christine Moraczewski NE State Patrol Crime Lab

Re-extracted and Re-amplified

Convicted Offender

1

33 reported variants as of 4/12/2007

Tri-Allelic Patterns

Allele Designation

Instrument

Amp Kit*

Contributor

Verification/Conformation Method(s)

Notes

Frequency

11, 13, 17

ABI 3100

PS

Jan Nicklas, VT Forensic Laboratory

Re-amp

11+13+17

 

12, 13, 15

ABI 3100 Avant

   ID

Carols Perone NUPAD Medicine School -Federal University of Minas Gerais-Brazil

Re-extracted and Re-amplified

 Paternity Samples

 1 in 15000

12, 13, 18

ABI 310

PP 16

Malena B. Jimenez, MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extract and Re-amplify

Convicted Offender

1 in 69600

12, 14, 15

ABI 3100

PS & CO

Misty Marra      M U F S C

RE-amplified

West Virginia Convicted Offender

1 in 10,613

12, 14, 18

ABI 310

PP 16

Malena B. Jimenez, MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extract and Re-amplify

Convicted Offender

1 in 69600

12, 16, 17

ABI 377

PS

Kari Morton Texas DPS

Re-extracted

Convicted offender

1 in 39000
13, 14, 16 ABI 310 ID King_C USACIL Re-extracted and Re-amplified Reference Blood  

13, 15, 16

ABI 3130XL

ID

Arnaud Gleizes & Laurent Pene, Laboratoire de Police Scientifique de Lyon, FRANCE

Re-amplified and re-analyzed

 

1 in 11500

13, 15, 16 [2]

ABI 310

PP 16

Malena B. Jimenez, MO State Highway Patrol

Re-extract and Re-amplify

Convicted Offender

1 in 69600

13,15,19

ABI 310

PS

Jennifer Reid, WSP Seattle Crime Lab

Re-extract and re-amp

Reference sample from victim

 

14, 15, 17

ABI 3100

ID

Angela Withrow MUFSC

Re-amp x 1

Alabama Dept of Forensic Sciences convicted offender

1 in 14245

14, 15,  22

ABI 310

PS

Forensic DNA Typing: Biology and Technology Behind STR Markers, 
Figure 6.6

 

 

 

15, 16, 20

ABI 310

PS

Amgla Zimmerman          M U F S C

Re-extraction X 2

Convicted offender

1 in 1120

16, 17, 18

ABI 3100

ID & PS

Angela Withrow

M U F S C

Re-amp s 2 with ID and once with PS

AL Dept of Forensic Sciences convicted offender

2 in 16046

16, 17, 18 [2]

ABI 3100

ID & PS

Angela Withrow

M U F S C

Re-amp s 2 with ID and once with PS

AL Dept of Forensic Sciences convicted offender

2 in 16046

16, 17, 20

ABI 3100

ID

Angela Withrow   M U F S C

Re-amplified

Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences convicted offender sample

1 in 12115

16, 19, 20

ABI 310

CO

Christine Moraczewski, NE State Patrol Crime Lab

Re-injection

Convicted Offender

1

19, 22.2, 23.2

ABI 310

PS

Joanne Sgueglia Massachusetts State Police

Re-run

Convicted offender

 

16 reported tri-allelic patterns as of 2/22/2007

* Use the following abbreviations for amplification kit names:

  • CO: PE Applied Biosystems COfilerTM
  • PR: PE Applied Biosystems ProfilerTM
  • PS: PE Applied Biosystems Profiler PlusTM
  • CV: Promega CTTVTM
  • CA: Promega CTTATM
  • PP: Promega PowerPlexTM
  • MP: Promega MonoPlexTM
  • Other: Please specify

RETURN TO VARIANTS MENU

RETURN TO HOMEPAGE